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Tender Guarantee in Georgia – legal services by Dr. Giga Adamia and TB Legal for public procurement and tender participation matters

Tender Guarantee in Georgia – When Is an Electronic Guarantee Returned and What Risks Do Bidders Face?

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A tender guarantee, also known as an electronic guarantee, is one of the important legal and financial instruments for businesses participating in public procurement in Georgia. When participating in an electronic tender, a bidder is usually required to submit an electronic guarantee securing the tender proposal. This guarantee supports the bidder’s participation in the tender and, in certain cases, may also become a source of financial risk.
Many companies treat the electronic guarantee as a purely technical formality. In reality, however, it is connected with the right to participate in a tender, the consequences of disqualification, complaint strategy, tender status and the bidder’s financial interests.

Tender Guarantee in Georgia – When Is an Electronic Guarantee Returned and What Risks Do Bidders Face? Read More »

Easement in Georgia – legal services by Dr. Giga Adamia and TB Legal for property rights, land use, and real estate matters

Easement in Georgia – Use of Another Person’s Real Estate, Necessary Road and Types of Easements

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An easement is a limited real right to use another person’s real estate. In practice, easements are particularly important for land plots, access roads, the operation of commercial properties, neighbour relations and legal risk assessment before purchasing real estate.
Easements often arise where one real estate property needs to use another real estate property. For example, a land plot may need the use of a neighbouring plot for an access road, utilities, water supply, preservation of a view or another specific purpose.

Easement in Georgia – Use of Another Person’s Real Estate, Necessary Road and Types of Easements Read More »

Lease Registration in Georgia – legal services by Dr. Giga Adamia and TB Legal for lease registration and real estate matters

Lease Registration in Georgia – Public Registry Rules, Timeframes and Registration Fees

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In business practice, lease agreements are often used for the temporary use of offices, commercial premises, production spaces, land plots, agricultural land or other property. However, signing a lease agreement alone is not always sufficient to achieve the legal effect intended by the parties.

In certain cases, especially where one of the parties to the lease agreement is a private law legal entity and the agreement is concluded for more than one year, registration of the lease right with the Public Registry becomes necessary for the lease right to arise.

Lease Registration in Georgia – Public Registry Rules, Timeframes and Registration Fees Read More »

Company Director in Georgia – legal services by Dr. Giga Adamia and TB Legal for corporate governance, directors’ duties, and company management matters

Company Director in Georgia – Powers of the Management Body, Fiduciary Duties and Representation Risks

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A company director is one of the most important figures in an entrepreneurial company. The director or management body manages the company’s day-to-day activities, makes business decisions, represents the company in relations with third parties and is responsible for protecting the company’s interests.
A company director has both management and representative authority, as well as fiduciary duties to the company. Breach of these duties may result in personal liability.

Company Director in Georgia – Powers of the Management Body, Fiduciary Duties and Representation Risks Read More »

Sale with the Right of Redemption in Georgia – legal services by Dr. Giga Adamia and TB Legal for sale agreements and redemption rights under Georgian law

Sale with the Right of Redemption in Georgia – Redemption Period, Return of Ownership and Invalidity Risks

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Sale with the right of redemption is a legal instrument often used in transactions involving real estate, commercial assets or other significant property, where the seller retains the right to redeem the sold property within a certain period.

At first glance, such an agreement may appear simple: the seller sells the property and keeps the right to recover it through redemption. However, in practice, sale with the right of redemption is often connected with serious legal risks, especially where the parties use this form not for a genuine sale, but to conceal a loan or another legal relationship.

Sale with the Right of Redemption in Georgia – Redemption Period, Return of Ownership and Invalidity Risks Read More »

Property Registration Based on a Gift Agreement in Georgia – legal services by Dr. Giga Adamia and TB Legal for gift agreements and property registration matters

Property Registration Based on a Gift Agreement in Georgia – Gift Agreement and Ownership Registration

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Property registration based on a gift agreement is important when real estate is transferred from one person to another free of charge and ownership must be registered with the Public Registry.
Gift agreements are often used to transfer property between family members, relatives or close persons. However, in the case of real estate, agreement between the parties alone is not sufficient. Ownership arises through registration with the Public Registry.

Property Registration Based on a Gift Agreement in Georgia – Gift Agreement and Ownership Registration Read More »

Moral damage in Georgia involving non-material damage, burden of proof and reasonable compensation.

Moral Damage in Georgia – Non-Material Damage, Burden of Proof and Reasonable Compensation

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Moral damage is one of the most sensitive and difficult-to-prove claims in civil law. Many people assume that if a specific action caused them stress, discomfort, unpleasant feelings or emotional tension, this automatically gives them the right to claim compensation for moral damage. However, Georgian court practice applies a much stricter approach.

Moral Damage in Georgia – Non-Material Damage, Burden of Proof and Reasonable Compensation Read More »

Acknowledgment of Debt in Georgia – legal services by Dr. Giga Adamia and TB Legal for debt acknowledgment, obligations, and contract law matters

Acknowledgment of Debt in Georgia – Debt Confirmation, New Claim, Limitation Period and Legal Risks

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Acknowledgment of debt is an important legal instrument in business and civil relations. It is often used where there is an existing debt, unpaid amount, uncertainty regarding the scope of an obligation or a need to record an existing financial relationship more clearly in writing.

The main significance of acknowledgment of debt is that it may become an independent legal basis for a claim. This means that, in certain cases, the creditor may no longer need to prove from the beginning all circumstances from which the original debt arose. The contract acknowledging the existence of a debt itself may become the legal basis for the claim.

Acknowledgment of Debt in Georgia – Debt Confirmation, New Claim, Limitation Period and Legal Risks Read More »

Individual Entrepreneur Registration in Georgia – legal services by Dr. Giga Adamia and TB Legal for business registration and entrepreneurial activities

Individual Entrepreneur Registration in Georgia – Status, Liability and Registration Procedure

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Individual entrepreneur registration is one of the fastest and most practical ways to officially start a small business, self-employment or independent commercial activity in Georgia.
The individual entrepreneur form is often used when an individual wants to carry out business activity in their own name, through a simple administrative procedure and with relatively low organizational costs. This form may be practical for consultants, small trade activities, service providers, craftsmen, freelancers and other independent professional activities.
However, the status of an individual entrepreneur should not be assessed only by the simplicity of registration. Its most important legal feature is that an individual entrepreneur is not a legal entity and, as a rule, is personally liable with all personal property for obligations arising from entrepreneurial activity.

Individual Entrepreneur Registration in Georgia – Status, Liability and Registration Procedure Read More »